I-Formaldehyde, eyaziwa ngamakhemikhali njenge-CH2O, iyinkimbinkimbi elula kodwa enezimpendulo eziphakeme eyasetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zezimboni. Iyi-gasi engenacolour enomoya onamathiselwe, ivame ukutholakala esimweni se-gasi noma njengesisombululo esinamanzi esibizwa nge-formalin. Ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokuphendula, i-formaldehyde isebenza njengesisekelo esiyisisekelo emikhiqizweni ye-synthetic chemistry, inikeza ukuhamba phambili ekwenzeni nasekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo. Izimpawu zayo zamakhemikhali, kuhlanganise nokuphendula kwayo okuphezulu nama-amines nama-alcohols, zenza kube lula ukudala ama-polymers nama-resins, okwenza kube okubalulekile emikhiqizweni ye-chemistry yezimboni. Ukuqonda lezi zimpawu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe izicelo ezibanzi ze-formaldehyde kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo zokuyiphatha kahle.

I-Formaldehyde iyaziwa nangokukwazi kwayo ukuhlanganisa ibe yi-polyoxymethylene, i-thermoplastic evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-plastics. Le msebenzi yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngaphezu kokuhlanganiswa kwemithi elula, iyibeka njengempahla ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yokukhiqiza. Ukuhlangana kwalesi sithako emanzini nase-alcohol kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlelweni ezahlukene, kusukela kumasipha kuya kumasipha okukhucululwa. Ngokubheka lezi zici, indima ye-formaldehyde embonini idlula nje ekubeni i-reagent yemithi, ibe yisithako esiyinhloko esithonya ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza.

Ngaphezu kokuguquguquka kwayo kwezemichilo, i-formaldehyde itholakala kalula futhi iyabiza, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kokukhiqiza okwenziwa embonini. Nokho, ubunjalo bayo obuphendulayo buveza nezinselelo ekugcineni nasekuthuthweni, kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile. Izinkampani ezifana neHebei Jintaida Chemical Co., Ltd.ukukhethekile ekukhiqizeni i-formaldehyde yekhwalithi ephezulu futhi baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi zokuphepha nokusebenza. Le zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ikhulisa abasebenzisi bezimboni ekugcineni ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo nokuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha.

Izicelo ze-formaldehyde zemboni ziningi futhi zihluke, ikakhulukazi zigxile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo njengomkhiqizo ophakathi kokwakhiwa ama-resin ashintshashintshayo asetshenziswa ekwenzeni imikhiqizo ye-wood, izindwangu, kanye nezinto zokwenziwa. Omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwe-urea-formaldehyde kanye ne-phenol-formaldehyde resins, ezisebenza njengezixhumi ku-plywood, particleboard, kanye ne-fiberboard. Lezi zinto zibalulekile embonini yokwakha nasefurnituren, zikhombisa indima ebalulekile ye-formaldehyde emikhiqizweni yansuku zonke.

Ngaphandle kwezixhumi, i-formaldehyde ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izixazululo zokuhlanzeka, izigcwalisi, kanye nezibulala-magciwane ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokulima nezokwelapha. Iziphumo zayo zokulwa namagciwane ziyenza ibaluleke ekwenzeni izinto zihlanzeke nasekugcineni izibonelo ze-biological. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-resin akhiwa nge-formaldehyde asetshenziswa emikhakheni yezimoto nezokwakha ugesi ngenxa yokuhlala kwawo isikhathi eside nokumelana nezinga lokushisa nezinto zokwakha, kuthuthukisa impilo yomkhiqizo nokuphepha. Ukuguquguquka kwalesi sithako nakho kuqhubeka ekwenzeni ama-coatings nezimpahla zokupenda, lapho kunikeza khona ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana nokusebenza.

Abakhiqizi abahola phambili njengokuthiHebei Jintaida Chemical Co., Ltd.hlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ye-formaldehyde enobukhulu obuphezulu ehlelelwe lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ezihlukahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe babo buqinisekisa ukuthi amaklayenti athola amakhemikhali ahlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zezigaba ezihlukahlukene ngenkathi elandela izindinganiso zokuvikela imvelo nezokuphepha.

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zayo zezimboni, i-formaldehyde iletha ubungozi obukhulu empilweni nasekuphathweni kokuphepha okumele baphathwe ngokuqapha. Ukuchayeka kumaphunga e-formaldehyde kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwemiphimbo, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, nokungakhululeki kwamehlo. Ukuchayeka okude noma okukhulu kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela empilweni engcono, kuhlanganisa nezifo zokuphefumula nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. I-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ibeka i-formaldehyde njengomuntu ophilayo onobungozi, igcizelela ukubaluleka kokulawula okuqinile.

Abasebenzi emikhakheni ephathelene ne-formaldehyde baphakathi kwezingozi ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho ukuhamba komoya okwanele kanye nezinsiza zokuvikela. Izimpawu zokuchayeka okukhulu zifaka phakathi ukuh cougha, ukuhwehlela, nokuphazamiseka komphimbo, kanti ukuhwehlela okungapheli kungaholela ekutheni kube nokuthinteka nokuphendula kokuhlaselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-formaldehyde ingaqoqeka ezindaweni zangaphakathi ngokukhishwa kwemikhakha yokwakha nezinto zokuhlobisa, ibeka izingozi ngisho nasezindaweni ezingaphandle kwemikhakha yezimboni.

Ngokubheka lezi zinkinga, ukuqonda izindlela zokuchayeka ku-formaldehyde kanye nemiphumela yayo empilweni kubalulekile ezimbonini ezisebenzisa le kemikhali. Izinkampani ezifana neHebei Jintaida Chemical Co., Ltd.gqama hhayi kuphela ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yabo ye-formaldehyde kodwa futhi uhole amakhasimende ekuphatheni okuphephile ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bezempilo.

Izinhlelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo zibalulekile ukuvimbela ukuvezwa okubi nokwenza indawo yokusebenza iphephile. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphepha zifaka phakathi ukusebenzisa imishini yokuvikela yomuntu (PPE) efanele efana nezikhwama, amagalasi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphefumula ezilinganiselwe kumavaphi ombala. Izikhungo zezimboni kufanele zisebenzise izinhlelo zokuhambisa umoya ezanele ukuze zinciphise amazinga e-formaldehyde aphepheni, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zokukhipha umoya zendawo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlunga umoya.

Izikhombisi zokugcina zicebisa ukugcina i-formaldehyde ezitsheni ezivalekile ngokuqinile, kude nemithombo yokushisa nezinto ezingahambelani, ukuze kuvinjezelwe ukukhululwa okungafanele noma ukwehla. Ukuhlola njalo ikhwalithi yomoya nezinhlelo zokubheka impilo yabasebenzi kusiza ekuboneni nasekuxazululeni ubungozi bokuchayeka kusenesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi mayelana nokuphathwa kwe-formaldehyde, izinqubo zokuphuthumayo, kanye nokwelashwa kokuqala kuthuthukisa ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zok regulation.

Ukuxhumana nabahlinzeki abanamava njengokHebei Jintaida Chemical Co., Ltd.kuhlinzeka ezimbonini ukufinyelela ekusekeleni kwezobuchwepheshe nasezixazululweni zokuphepha ezenziwe ngezifiso. Lezi zibambiso zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kokusebenza nasekuthobeleni imithetho.

Izikhungo zokulawula emhlabeni jikelele ziqinisekisile izindinganiso zokulawula ukuvezwa kwe-formaldehyde ezindaweni zokusebenza nasemikhiqizweni yokusetshenziswa. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) e-United States zibeka imikhawulo yokuvuma yokuvuleka (PELs) ukuze zivikele abasebenzi emiphumeleni emibi. Ngokufanayo, i-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) ilawula i-formaldehyde ngaphansi kwe-REACH (Ukubhaliswa, Ukuhlola, Ukuvunywa, nokukhawulelwa kwemichiza) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokunciphisa umthelela kwemvelo.

Izimboni kumele zilandele lezi ziqondiso ngokufaka izilawuli zokub exposure, zigcine amarekhodi anembile, futhi zinikeze ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhipha i-formaldehyde emikhiqizweni efana nezinkuni ezihlanganisiwe kulawulwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa komoya ngaphakathi. Ukuhambisana nalezi zindinganiso akugcini nje ngokuvikela impilo kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa umthwalo wezinkampani kanye nokufinyelela emakethe.

Abakhiqizi abafana neHebei Jintaida Chemical Co., Ltd.qhubeka nokubheka intuthuko yokulawulwa ukuze kuhlangabezane nemikhiqizo yabo nezinsizakalo nezidingo zakamuva zokuphepha nezemvelo. Le ndlela yokusebenza esebenzayo isiza amaklayenti ukuthi adlule ezindaweni ezinzima zokulawulwa kahle.

Ishishini le-formaldehyde liyathuthuka ngezinto ezintsha ezihlosiwe zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Izinto ezintsha zifaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-resin ye-formaldehyde enokukhishwa okuphansi kanye nezinsiza zokupholisa ezihlukile ezinciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde. Ucwaningo ngezindlela zokukhiqiza i-formaldehyde ezisekelwe kubiobasi kanye nezindlela eziluhlaza lukhula, luhlangabezana nezinkathazo zemvelo kanye nezinsiza zokulawula.

Izithuthukisi zobuchwepheshe ekubhekeni nasekutholeni zikhulisa ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza ngokuvumela ukulandela isikhathi sangempela sokub expose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-formaldehyde emikhakheni ephumayo efana nezinto zikagesi nezinto ezithuthukisiwe kukhuluza umkhakha wayo wezokukhiqiza. Izinkampani ezifana neHebei Jintaida Chemical Co., Ltd.bakhokhela lezi zindlela, befaka imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze bahlinzeke ngezixazululo zamakhemikhali ezintsha, eziphephile ezihlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni zalesi sikhathi esizayo.

I-Formaldehyde iseyingxenye ebalulekile kwezokwenziwa emikhakheni eminingi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokuguquguquka. Nakuba ihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibalulekile embonini, idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zempilo nokuphepha. Ukuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezindinganiso zok regulation kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe abasebenzi nemvelo. Ukubambisana nabakhiqizi abahloniphekile njengeHebei Jintaida Chemical Co., Ltd.kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela emikhiqizweni ye-formaldehyde esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuqondiswa kochwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni okuphephile.

Njengoba imboni iqhubeka ithuthuka iye ezindleleni eziphephile nezisindayo, imfundo eqhubekayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezintsha kuzodlala izindima ezibalulekile. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa i-formaldehyde kumele ahlale enolwazi ngentuthuko yakamuva kanye nezindlela ezinhle zokusebenzisa ukuze athole izinzuzo zayo ngendlela efanele futhi ephumelelayo. Le ndlela elinganiselwe isekela ukukhula kwemboni ngenkathi ibeka phambili impilo kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo.